Many people assume ticks disappear when the weather turns cold, only to be surprised by an encounter in a mild December or snowy March. The truth is, ticks don’t truly hibernate; they simply become inactive when temperatures drop.
Understanding the survival tactics of ticks through the cold seasons is key to year-round awareness.
Not Hibernating, Just Resting
Ticks, especially the Blacklegged tick, can survive cold temperatures through a phenomenon called “questing inactivity.” They don’t die off; they just stop moving and seeking a host.
- The Insulation Layer: Ticks seek refuge in the insulating layer of leaf litter, under snow, or within dense brush right at ground level. This debris acts like a warm blanket, protecting them from the harshest temperature extremes and desiccation.
- Ready to Wake: Unlike mammals that hibernate, ticks can become active any time the ground is not covered by snow and the temperature rises to 4°C (39°F) or above.
Winter Activity
In many parts of Canada, including the lower Great Lakes region, milder winter days are becoming more common. This means that adult Blacklegged ticks can be active in late fall, throughout warm spells in winter, and are often the very first stage to emerge in the early spring.
- Adult Ticks in Fall/Spring: Adult ticks are primarily active in the fall and spring. They are the stage that commonly seeks larger hosts, such as deer and humans, to complete their life cycle.
- The Year-Round Risk: Because of the varying life stages and their ability to become active during mild periods, tick checks are important any time you or your pets spend time outdoors, regardless of the calendar month.
The lesson: Winter does not guarantee safety. Be vigilant on any mild day spent near wooded or brushy areas.
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